Regulation
Regulation (EU) 2022/2065

Digital Services Act

Regulation, European Union
Effective: February 17, 2024 Enforced by: European Commission (for VLOPs/VLOSEs), National Digital Services Coordinators Last reviewed May 9, 2026

Overview

The Digital Services Act is the EU's comprehensive framework for regulating digital intermediaries. It establishes graduated obligations based on the type and size of digital service, with the most extensive requirements applying to Very Large Online Platforms (VLOPs) reaching 45 million or more monthly active users in the EU.

For all hosting services, the DSA establishes notice-and-action mechanisms, transparency reporting on content moderation, and requirements for terms of service to clearly describe content policies. Online platforms face additional obligations including internal complaint-handling, trusted flagger mechanisms, and bans on dark patterns.

VLOPs must conduct annual systemic risk assessments covering illegal content, fundamental rights impacts, and effects on civic discourse and electoral processes. The European Commission has designated 19 VLOPs including Google, Meta, Amazon, Apple, Microsoft, TikTok, X, LinkedIn, Pinterest, Snapchat, and YouTube.

Penalties

Up to 6% of worldwide annual turnover. Periodic penalty payments up to 5% of average daily turnover.

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