Regulation (EU) 2022/1925

Digital Markets Act

Regulation — European Union

Effective: May 2, 2023 15 platforms tracked 240 provisions indexed Enforced by: European Commission (sole enforcer) Last reviewed Apr 22, 2026

Overview

The Digital Markets Act targets the largest digital platforms designated as 'gatekeepers.' Unlike the DSA which applies broadly, the DMA applies only to designated gatekeepers and imposes specific obligations to ensure fair and contestable digital markets.

As of 2024, six gatekeepers have been designated: Alphabet (Google), Amazon, Apple, ByteDance (TikTok), Meta, and Microsoft. These companies must allow users to un-install pre-installed apps, enable third-party app stores, provide data portability, not self-preference in search rankings, and not use business users' data to compete against them.

For platform governance, the DMA directly restricts how gatekeepers can structure their terms of service. Terms requiring exclusive use of a gatekeeper's payment system or preventing users from linking to external offers may violate DMA obligations.

Penalties

Up to 10% of worldwide annual turnover. Up to 20% for repeated infringements. Periodic payments up to 5% of daily turnover.

Key Articles & Sections

Art. 3 Gatekeeper Designation

Criteria for gatekeeper designation: significant market impact, core platform service as gateway, entrenched position.
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Art. 5 Self-Executing Obligations

No combining personal data across services without consent, must allow promotion outside platform, must allow third-party apps.
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Art. 6 Obligations Subject to Specification

Must allow third-party app stores, provide data portability, no self-preferencing, no bundling/tying.
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Art. 7 Messaging Interoperability

Gatekeepers providing messaging must make basic functionalities interoperable with third-party services.
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Platforms We Track Subject to DMA

Amazon

27 relevant provisions

Apple

39 relevant provisions

Audible

5 relevant provisions

Google

19 relevant provisions

Google Gemini

10 relevant provisions

Google Maps

6 relevant provisions

Kindle

0 relevant provisions

17 relevant provisions

Recent Changes Related to DMA

Apr 19, 2026 WhatsApp High

WhatsApp updated its Privacy Policy on April 19, 2026, making two notable changes. First, the policy now acknowledges that users may see ads in Status and Channels features, replacing a previous comm…
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Apr 19, 2026 YouTube Low

YouTube updated its Terms of Service on April 19, 2026, making several adjustments including expanding the list of supported languages for the terms, changing age-related language from 'minor in your…
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Apr 19, 2026 TikTok Low

TikTok updated its platform policy page on April 19, 2026, restructuring how it presents its community guidelines, safety commitments, and stakeholder engagement information. The previous version was…
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Apr 19, 2026 Amazon Low

Amazon updated the navigation menus, footer links, and sidebar content on their Conditions of Use page on April 19, 2026. The changes include an expanded product department list, updated 'Make Money …
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Apr 19, 2026 Meta Low

On April 19, 2026, Meta updated the navigation menu and header of its Meta Platform Policy page for developers. The change added links to various Meta products, support resources, and policy pages in…
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Apr 19, 2026 Meta High

Meta made a large update to their Privacy Policy on April 19, 2026, removing hundreds of sentences and modifying dozens more. The policy now prominently references a separate United States Regional P…
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Apr 19, 2026 Meta Medium

Meta has published a substantially expanded Terms of Service document, adding 174 new sentences that outline the structure and scope of their terms, including how their services are funded, user comm…
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Apr 19, 2026 Google Medium

Google updated its Privacy Policy on April 19, 2026, adding a new section specifically addressing U.S. state privacy law requirements. The new text explicitly states that Google does not sell your pe…
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Apr 19, 2026 Google High

Google updated its Terms of Service on April 19, 2026, making several notable changes to how it describes its obligations to users. The country version shifted from Cambodia to United States, the war…
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Apr 18, 2026 YouTube Low

YouTube updated their Terms of Service on April 18, 2026, making several minor edits including changing the document's effective date from January 5, 2022 to August 15, 2022, adjusting some wording i…
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Related Regulations

Official Source

View official regulation text →

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