Regulation
15 U.S.C. §§ 6801-6809

Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act

Statute, United States Federal
Effective: November 12, 1999 Enforced by: Federal Trade Commission (FTC), Consumer Financial Protection Bureau (CFPB), Federal Banking Regulators (OCC, FDIC, Federal Reserve) Last reviewed May 9, 2026

Overview

The Gramm-Leach-Bliley Act requires financial institutions to explain their information-sharing practices to customers and to safeguard sensitive data. The Act has three principal components relevant to platform governance: the Financial Privacy Rule, the Safeguards Rule, and pretexting protections.

The Financial Privacy Rule requires financial institutions to provide customers with privacy notices explaining what information is collected, where it is shared, how it is used, and how it is protected. Customers must receive these notices when they first establish a relationship and annually thereafter.

The Safeguards Rule, updated significantly by the FTC in 2023, requires financial institutions to develop, implement, and maintain a comprehensive information security program including risk assessments, access controls, encryption, multi-factor authentication, and incident response plans.

Penalties

Criminal penalties for pretexting: fines up to $100,000 for individuals, $500,000 for institutions, and up to 5 years imprisonment.

Key Articles & Sections

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