California law governs all disputes with Twilio, and any court cases must be filed in San Francisco courts.
This clause forces all non-arbitrated disputes into California federal or state courts in San Francisco, which creates geographic and cost barriers for businesses located outside California who need to pursue legal action against Twilio.
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Compare across platforms →California's choice of law means customers in other U.S. states or internationally may not benefit from their home jurisdiction's stronger consumer or business protection laws, and must litigate in California courts — creating practical access barriers.
(1) REGULATORY FRAMEWORK: Choice of law and forum selection clauses are governed by the federal Carmack Amendment where applicable, the FAA for arbitration, and state common law. California's conflict of laws principles (Government Code §12960 et seq.) may nevertheless apply mandatory protective provisions of a customer's home state. EU customers cannot be required to litigate outside the EU for GDPR-related claims per Brussels I Regulation (EU) 1215/2012 and GDPR Art. 79. (2)
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