eBay's terms are governed by Utah law, and any court disputes that are not sent to arbitration must be filed in Utah — not in your home state.
This analysis describes what eBay's agreement states, permits, or reserves. It does not constitute a legal determination about enforceability. Regulatory applicability and practical outcomes may vary by jurisdiction, enforcement context, and individual circumstances. Read our methodology
Requiring disputes to be resolved under Utah law and in Utah courts adds practical cost and difficulty for users who live outside Utah and have court-eligible claims, which effectively discourages litigation.
Interpretive note: Enforceability of the Utah governing law and forum selection clause against consumers in other states or countries varies by jurisdiction and may depend on whether a court finds the clause unconscionable or contrary to mandatory consumer protection law.
The updated User Agreement incorporates additional policies and terms that were previously referenced separately, making them contractually binding conditions of service use. The agreement now explicitly states that continued use constitutes acceptance of all incorporated policies and additional terms posted on eBay's sites and applications. The updated language emphasizes that disputes are resolved through binding arbitration unless the user opts out according to section 19.B.9, and contains a waiver of class action rights. You can review which eBay entity contracts with you based on your jurisdiction (eBay Inc. for US, eBay UK Limited for UK, eBay GmbH for EU, and others listed) and locate the opt-out mechanism for arbitration in section 19.B.9 of the full agreement.
View change record →If you have a dispute with eBay that qualifies for court rather than arbitration (such as a small claims case), you may be required to pursue it under Utah law in Utah courts, which could be impractical if you live elsewhere.
How other platforms handle this
These Terms shall be governed by the laws of the State of California, excluding its conflicts of law rules, and the federal laws of the United States. Any dispute arising from or relating to the subject matter of these Terms shall be finally settled by arbitration in San Francisco County, California...
These Terms of Service and any dispute or claim arising out of or in connection with them or their subject matter or formation (including non-contractual disputes or claims) shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware, without giving effect to any choice o...
These Terms are governed by the laws of the State of Minnesota, without giving effect to any choice of law or conflict of law provisions. Any disputes not subject to arbitration will be resolved in the state or federal courts located in Hennepin County, Minnesota.
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"These terms and any claims or disputes arising therefrom are governed by the laws of the State of Utah, without giving effect to any conflict of law principles. Any disputes not subject to arbitration shall be resolved exclusively in the federal or state courts of Salt Lake County, Utah.— Excerpt from eBay's eBay User Agreement
REGULATORY LANDSCAPE: Governing law and forum selection clauses in consumer contracts engage state consumer protection laws in users' home states, which may provide stronger protections than Utah law and may not be waivable by contract. Courts in some jurisdictions have declined to enforce forum selection clauses against consumers where enforcement would effectively deny access to justice. The FTC Act and applicable consumer protection statutes may limit the extent to which such clauses override consumer rights. GOVERNANCE EXPOSURE: Low to Medium. Forum selection clauses requiring out-of-state litigation are common in platform agreements and generally enforceable in commercial contexts. Courts applying consumer protection standards have occasionally declined to enforce such clauses against individual consumers, particularly where the cost of travel to the designated forum effectively precludes the claim. JURISDICTION FLAGS: EU and UK users are likely not subject to this governing law clause under applicable consumer law, which generally requires that consumers benefit from the mandatory protections of their home jurisdiction's law. California, New York, and certain other states have strong consumer protection statutes that may apply regardless of a contractual choice of Utah law. CONTRACT AND VENDOR IMPLICATIONS: Business sellers conducting significant volume through eBay should assess whether Utah law's commercial code and dispute resolution framework is acceptable or whether separate negotiated agreements may provide more favorable terms. B2B contracts with eBay (such as API or enterprise seller agreements) may contain different governing law provisions. COMPLIANCE CONSIDERATIONS: Legal teams advising non-US users should confirm that the governing law clause does not override mandatory consumer protections in their clients' home jurisdictions. US-based compliance programs should assess whether the Utah choice of law affects the application of California, Illinois, or other state-specific consumer protection statutes relevant to their user base.
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Requiring disputes to be resolved under Utah law and in Utah courts adds practical cost and difficulty for users who live outside Utah and have court-eligible claims, which effectively discourages litigation.
If you have a dispute with eBay that qualifies for court rather than arbitration (such as a small claims case), you may be required to pursue it under Utah law in Utah courts, which could be impractical if you live elsewhere.
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