All disputes will be resolved in specific courts under specific laws (North Carolina for US users, Ireland for non-US users), and you give up the right to a jury trial.
This analysis describes what Unreal Engine's agreement states, permits, or reserves. It does not constitute a legal determination about enforceability. Regulatory applicability and practical outcomes may vary by jurisdiction, enforcement context, and individual circumstances. Read our methodology
The jury trial waiver and mandatory venue provisions limit the forum in which you can pursue disputes against Epic and remove the right to have a jury decide your case.
Interpretive note: Enforceability of mandatory forum selection and jury trial waiver varies by jurisdiction, particularly for individual consumers in the EU, UK, and certain US states.
US users must resolve disputes in North Carolina courts, and non-US users in Irish courts, under the applicable governing law, and all users give up their right to a jury trial, which restricts the practical options for pursuing legal action against Epic.
How other platforms handle this
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These Terms shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of California, without regard to its conflict of law principles. Any disputes not subject to arbitration shall be brought exclusively in the state or federal courts located in San Francisco County, California.
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"You and Epic agree to waive any jurisdictional, venue, or inconvenient forum objections to such courts (without affecting either party's rights to remove a case to federal court if permissible), as well as any right to a jury trial.— Excerpt from Unreal Engine's Unreal Engine EULA
REGULATORY LANDSCAPE: Mandatory forum selection clauses and jury trial waivers are generally enforceable in US commercial contracts but may face limitations under consumer protection law in certain US states and under EU consumer protection directives, which require that consumer disputes be resolvable in the consumer's home jurisdiction. The EU Unfair Contract Terms Directive and related national implementations may render mandatory Irish jurisdiction clauses unenforceable against EU consumers in their local courts. GOVERNANCE EXPOSURE: Medium. The jury trial waiver is a significant procedural right limitation that is enforceable in most US commercial contexts but less clearly enforceable against individual consumers in some state jurisdictions. The dual governing law structure (North Carolina vs. Ireland) means that non-US licensees operate under a different legal framework than US licensees, which may affect the practical enforceability of other agreement provisions. JURISDICTION FLAGS: EU consumer protection law, including the Rome I Regulation and Brussels I Regulation (recast), may override the mandatory Irish jurisdiction clause for EU consumers, preserving their right to sue in their home jurisdiction. UK users post-Brexit have similar protections under UK consumer contract regulations. California, New Jersey, and certain other states have case law limiting the enforceability of forum selection clauses in consumer contracts. CONTRACT AND VENDOR IMPLICATIONS: Enterprise licensees negotiating custom agreements should seek to modify the mandatory venue and jury trial waiver provisions if they present operational or legal risk. B2B licensees with existing dispute resolution procedures in their own standard terms should assess whether conflicts with this clause create ambiguity. COMPLIANCE CONSIDERATIONS: Legal teams for non-US studios should assess whether the Irish governing law and venue clause is enforceable under local consumer or commercial law. EU legal teams should specifically evaluate the interaction with Rome I and Brussels I provisions. All licensees should note that disputes are resolved as bench trials (no jury) in the mandatory forum, which affects litigation strategy for any potential dispute with Epic.
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The jury trial waiver and mandatory venue provisions limit the forum in which you can pursue disputes against Epic and remove the right to have a jury decide your case.
US users must resolve disputes in North Carolina courts, and non-US users in Irish courts, under the applicable governing law, and all users give up their right to a jury trial, which restricts the practical options for pursuing legal action against Epic.
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