Any legal disputes that do go to court must be filed in California under California law, regardless of where you live.
This analysis describes what Ticketmaster's agreement states, permits, or reserves. It does not constitute a legal determination about enforceability. Regulatory applicability and practical outcomes may vary by jurisdiction, enforcement context, and individual circumstances. Read our methodology
If you live outside California, this clause requires you to litigate in a distant jurisdiction, which is a practical barrier to pursuing claims in court even where arbitration does not apply.
Interpretive note: EU and UK consumer protection frameworks may override the California choice-of-law and forum selection clauses for users in those jurisdictions, creating uncertainty about effective governing law for international consumers.
Consumers outside California who have claims that fall outside arbitration, such as injunctive relief, face the practical burden of litigating in Los Angeles, which may deter legitimate disputes.
How other platforms handle this
These Terms shall be governed by the laws of the State of California, excluding its conflicts of law rules, and the federal laws of the United States. Any dispute arising from or relating to the subject matter of these Terms shall be finally settled by arbitration in San Francisco County, California...
These Terms of Service and any dispute or claim arising out of or in connection with them or their subject matter or formation (including non-contractual disputes or claims) shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of Delaware, without giving effect to any choice o...
These Terms are governed by the laws of the State of Minnesota, without giving effect to any choice of law or conflict of law provisions. Any disputes not subject to arbitration will be resolved in the state or federal courts located in Hennepin County, Minnesota.
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"These Terms shall be governed by and construed in accordance with the laws of the State of California, without regard to its conflict of law provisions. To the extent the parties are permitted under these Terms to initiate litigation in a court, both parties agree to submit to the personal jurisdiction of the state and federal courts located in Los Angeles, California.— Excerpt from Ticketmaster's Ticketmaster Terms of Use
(1) REGULATORY LANDSCAPE: California choice-of-law and forum selection clauses are generally enforceable under US contract law, though courts in some states apply local consumer protection statutes regardless of choice-of-law provisions. EU and UK consumers are generally protected by mandatory consumer law provisions in their home jurisdictions that cannot be overridden by a foreign choice-of-law clause. (2) GOVERNANCE EXPOSURE: Low to Medium. Forum selection in Los Angeles is a standard provision for California-headquartered companies. However, it may be unenforceable against EU and UK consumers under applicable consumer rights frameworks, requiring separate jurisdictional analysis for international operations. (3) JURISDICTION FLAGS: EU users benefit from Brussels I Regulation (recast) provisions that generally allow consumers to sue in their home country courts regardless of contractual forum selection. UK consumers have similar protections under post-Brexit retained EU law and the Consumer Rights Act 2015. (4) CONTRACT AND VENDOR IMPLICATIONS: International partners should note that Ticketmaster's governing law clause may not be effective in their home jurisdiction and should assess applicable local law exposure independently. (5) COMPLIANCE CONSIDERATIONS: Legal teams handling EU or UK consumer complaints should not assume the California governing law clause resolves jurisdictional questions for those users; local counsel assessment is advisable for significant disputes.
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If you live outside California, this clause requires you to litigate in a distant jurisdiction, which is a practical barrier to pursuing claims in court even where arbitration does not apply.
Consumers outside California who have claims that fall outside arbitration, such as injunctive relief, face the practical burden of litigating in Los Angeles, which may deter legitimate disputes.
ConductAtlas has identified this type of provision across 200 platforms. See the full comparison.
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