Substack · Substack Privacy Policy · View original document ↗

Creator as Independent Data Controller

Medium severity Medium confidence Explicitdocumentlanguage Unique · 0 of 343 platforms
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Recent governance activity Substack recorded 4 documented changes in the last 30 days.
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Document Record

What it is

The policy establishes that when Substack processes subscriber Personal Information on behalf of a Creator, that processing falls outside the scope of this Privacy Policy and is instead governed by the Creator's own privacy practices. Subscribers who interact with Creator publications are directed to the Creator's own terms and privacy policies for information about how that data is used.

This analysis describes what Substack's agreement states, permits, or reserves. It does not constitute a legal determination about enforceability. Regulatory applicability and practical outcomes may vary by jurisdiction, enforcement context, and individual circumstances. Read our methodology

ConductAtlas Analysis

Why it matters (compliance & governance perspective)

This provision establishes a data controller boundary that places responsibility for subscriber data governance on individual Creators when Substack acts as a processor on their behalf. The practical implication is that subscriber privacy rights and data handling practices vary across publications, and Substack's policy does not govern those interactions, which may require subscribers to review multiple separate privacy policies.

Interpretive note: The operational boundary between Substack as controller and Substack as processor on behalf of Creators may be subject to regulatory interpretation under GDPR and CCPA, particularly where Substack infrastructure processes subscriber data in ways that benefit both Substack and Creators simultaneously.

Recent Activity

This document changed recently

Medium May 5, 2026

Substack now discloses that it shares account identifiers, such as email addresses and usernames, with trusted industry child safety organizations to detect and prevent online child sexual exploitation and abuse. The policy also establishes that Substack will respond to privacy rights requests within one month, or up to three months for complex requests, providing more certainty about response timelines. Additionally, the policy clarifies that direct message recipients may retain messages even if you request deletion or delete your account, which is now explicitly stated rather than implied.

View change record →
Medium Apr 19, 2026

The updated policy no longer commits to responding to privacy rights requests within one month or within three months for complex requests. This removes a procedural timeline that previously bound Substack's response obligations. Additionally, the explicit disclosure that Substack shares account identifiers with child safety consortia to detect online child sexual exploitation has been removed from the policy, though the practice itself is not stated to have ended. The direct message retention language is now framed more directly: recipients may retain messages even if you request deletion or close your account.

View change record →

Change history

added Jun 5, 2026

This new provision clarifies the scope limitations of Substack's privacy policy and transfers responsibility for Creator data practices to individual creators, potentially reducing Substack's liability.

View full change record →

Consumer impact (what this means for users)

Under this clause, Personal Information provided when subscribing to or interacting with a Creator's publication is governed by that Creator's own privacy policy rather than Substack's, meaning the protections and rights described in this policy may not apply to Creator-level data processing. The agreement states that when commenting on a publication the user has not subscribed to, that personal information is provided directly to the Creator.

How other platforms handle this

Ledger Medium

At Ledger, earning and maintaining our users' trust is a top priority. That's why we are deeply committed not only to protecting your privacy and securing your personal data, but also to being fully transparent about how we handle it.

Garmin Medium

If you are located in the European Economic Area, Switzerland, or the United Kingdom, you have the right to access, correct, or erase your personal data; the right to restrict or object to our processing of your personal data; the right to data portability; and, where our processing is based on your...

Strava Medium

We use information to enhance the quality, reliability, and/or accuracy of our AI Features by creating, developing, training, testing, improving, and maintaining AI and ML models run by Strava or our service providers. We use aggregated, de-identified data for this purpose. We also use personal info...

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▸ View Original Clause Language DOCUMENT RECORD
"
This Privacy Policy only applies to the processing of your Personal Information by Substack as a data controller, meaning where we process your Personal Information for our purposes. This Privacy Policy does not apply to any processing of your Personal Information by Substack as a data processor on behalf of a Creator. Creators will have their own privacy practices governing their use of Personal Information as outlined in their own terms of use and/or privacy policies.

— Excerpt from Substack's Substack Privacy Policy

ConductAtlas Analysis

Institutional analysis (Compliance & governance intelligence)

1. REGULATORY LANDSCAPE: This provision engages GDPR Articles 4, 26, 28, and 29 regarding the delineation of controller and processor roles. Where Substack processes EU subscriber data on behalf of Creators, GDPR Article 28 requires a documented data processing agreement. The extent to which individual Creators (many of whom may be individuals or small businesses) satisfy their own GDPR controller obligations is a separate compliance question not addressed by this policy. The CCPA similarly distinguishes between businesses and service providers in ways that this provision implicates. 2. GOVERNANCE EXPOSURE: High for institutional compliance teams assessing subscriber data flows. The policy does not describe what contractual requirements Substack imposes on Creators acting as data controllers, which creates uncertainty about the data governance framework governing subscriber personal information across the platform. 3. JURISDICTION FLAGS: EU/EEA users face heightened exposure because GDPR requires identifiable controllers to fulfill transparency and rights obligations, and Creator-level compliance with these obligations is outside Substack's stated policy scope. California residents may find that Creator-specific data practices are not captured in Substack's CCPA policy. 4. CONTRACT AND VENDOR IMPLICATIONS: Organizations subscribing to Substack publications through enterprise or institutional accounts should assess whether Creators they subscribe to have adequate privacy frameworks in place, as Substack's policy expressly disclaims responsibility for Creator-level processing. Publisher Agreement review may be warranted to assess what data governance obligations Substack imposes on Creators contractually. 5. COMPLIANCE CONSIDERATIONS: Compliance teams should conduct a data mapping exercise to identify which Personal Information flows to Creators versus Substack, and assess whether Creator privacy policies meet applicable legal standards for relevant jurisdictions. Substack's Publisher Agreement (referenced in the document navigation) may contain relevant data processing obligations that supplement this policy.

Full compliance analysis

Regulatory citations, enforcement risk, and due diligence action items.

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Applicable agencies

  • FTC
    The FTC has jurisdiction over deceptive or unfair data practices and consumer disclosures regarding which entity controls subscriber personal information
    File a complaint →
  • State AG
    State AGs have jurisdiction over consumer privacy disclosures under state privacy laws including CCPA, where the controller boundary delineation affects consumer rights
    File a complaint →

Applicable regulations

CCPA/CPRA
California, USA
Connecticut Data Privacy Act Amendments
US-CT
CAN-SPAM
United States Federal
FTC Act Section 5
United States Federal
GDPR
European Union
Indiana Consumer Data Protection Act
US-IN
Kentucky Consumer Data Protection Act
US-KY
UK GDPR
United Kingdom
Universal Opt-Out Mechanism Expansion 2026
US
VPPA
United States Federal

Provision details

Document information
Document
Substack Privacy Policy
Entity
Substack
Document last updated
May 5, 2026
Tracking information
First tracked
May 21, 2026
Last verified
May 21, 2026
Record ID
CA-P-013035
Document ID
CA-D-00178
Evidence Provenance
Source URL
Wayback Machine
Content hash (SHA-256)
a4d2324534904f4fe245001d53f247ef46d8942c06d9e1fa0c0ef9aa893a52ee
Analysis generated
May 21, 2026 04:18 UTC
Methodology
Evidence
✓ Snapshot stored   ✓ Hash verified
Citation Record
Entity: Substack
Document: Substack Privacy Policy
Record ID: CA-P-013035
Captured: 2026-05-21 04:18:30 UTC
SHA-256: a4d2324534904f4f…
URL: https://conductatlas.com/platform/substack/substack-privacy-policy/creator-as-independent-data-controller/
Accessed: June 8, 2026
Permanent archival reference. Stable identifier suitable for legal filings, compliance documentation, and research citation.
Classification
Severity
Medium
Categories

Other risks in this policy

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Frequently Asked Questions

What does Substack's Creator as Independent Data Controller clause do?

This provision establishes a data controller boundary that places responsibility for subscriber data governance on individual Creators when Substack acts as a processor on their behalf. The practical implication is that subscriber privacy rights and data handling practices vary across publications, and Substack's policy does not govern those interactions, which may require subscribers to review multiple separate privacy policies.

How does this clause affect you?

Under this clause, Personal Information provided when subscribing to or interacting with a Creator's publication is governed by that Creator's own privacy policy rather than Substack's, meaning the protections and rights described in this policy may not apply to Creator-level data processing. The agreement states that when commenting on a publication the user has not subscribed to, that personal information …

Is ConductAtlas affiliated with Substack?

No. ConductAtlas is an independent monitoring service. We are not affiliated with, endorsed by, or sponsored by Substack.