This analysis describes what Duolingo's agreement states, permits, or reserves. It does not constitute a legal determination about enforceability. Regulatory applicability and practical outcomes may vary by jurisdiction, enforcement context, and individual circumstances. Read our methodology
The cap applies to any cause of liability whatsoever, and users who paid little or nothing in the prior 12 months may have effectively no monetary recovery available against Duolingo.
Interpretive note: The excerpt contains ellipses; any intermediate conditions in the full clause are not visible and thus not analyzed. The zero-dollar scenario for free users is a direct logical consequence of the explicit 'amount paid, if any' language, not an inference beyond the text.
Users' maximum potential monetary recovery from Duolingo — for any claim — is limited to the amount they personally paid Duolingo during the 12 months before the triggering event, which may be zero for free-tier users.
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"DUOLINGO'S LIABILITY TO YOU OR ANY THIRD PARTY CLAIMING THROUGH YOU FOR ANY CAUSE WHATSOEVER...IS LIMITED TO THE AMOUNT PAID, IF ANY, BY YOU TO DUOLINGO FOR THE SERVICE IN THE 12 MONTHS PRIOR TO THE INITIAL ACTION GIVING RISE TO LIABILITY.— Excerpt from Duolingo's Duolingo Terms of Service
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The cap applies to any cause of liability whatsoever, and users who paid little or nothing in the prior 12 months may have effectively no monetary recovery available against Duolingo.
Users' maximum potential monetary recovery from Duolingo — for any claim — is limited to the amount they personally paid Duolingo during the 12 months before the triggering event, which may be zero for free-tier users.
ConductAtlas has identified this type of provision across 289 platforms. See the full comparison.
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