This analysis describes what Signal's agreement states, permits, or reserves. It does not constitute a legal determination about enforceability. Regulatory applicability and practical outcomes may vary by jurisdiction, enforcement context, and individual circumstances. Read our methodology
Users are contractually required to litigate claims against Signal only in specific California courts, regardless of where the user is located.
Interpretive note: The excerpt contains an ellipsis, suggesting possible intervening conditions or language that was not included. Only what is present is stated.
If you have a claim against Signal, you must pursue it exclusively in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California or a state court in San Mateo County, California.
How other platforms handle this
Any dispute not subject to arbitration and not initiated in small claims court may be brought by either party in a court of competent jurisdiction in either the Superior Courts for the State of California...or in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California.
it shall be adjudicated exclusively by the state and federal courts located in San Francisco County, California.
The Parties will initiate any lawsuits in connection with this Agreement in Toronto, Ontario, Canada, and irrevocably attorn to the exclusive personal jurisdiction and venue of the courts sitting therein.
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"You agree to resolve any Claim you have with us...exclusively in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California or a state court in San Mateo County, California.— Excerpt from Signal's Signal Privacy Policy
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Users are contractually required to litigate claims against Signal only in specific California courts, regardless of where the user is located.
If you have a claim against Signal, you must pursue it exclusively in the United States District Court for the Northern District of California or a state court in San Mateo County, California.
ConductAtlas has identified this type of provision across 269 platforms. See the full comparison.
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