You are prohibited from using any Hulu, Disney+, or ESPN content in connection with developing, training, testing, or benchmarking any artificial intelligence or machine learning system.
This analysis describes what Hulu's agreement states, permits, or reserves. It does not constitute a legal determination about enforceability. Regulatory applicability and practical outcomes may vary by jurisdiction, enforcement context, and individual circumstances. Read our methodology
This provision explicitly extends existing content use restrictions to AI applications, creating a contractual basis for claims against any subscriber who uses streamed or downloaded content in AI development workflows.
Interpretive note: The enforceability of contractual prohibitions on AI use as against fair use or other copyright doctrines is currently unsettled in US law, and the practical reach of this clause for ordinary consumer subscribers versus institutional users is context-dependent.
This provision prohibits subscribers from using any content accessed through the services as input for, or in connection with, AI tools or model development. While most everyday consumers are unlikely to be affected, developers, researchers, or technically sophisticated users who might otherwise use clips or content in AI projects are specifically prohibited from doing so under this agreement.
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All content on this Internet site ("the delta.com website") is owned or controlled by Delta Air Lines and is protected by worldwide copyright laws.
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Customer will not, and will not permit any other person (including any End User) to: ... (d) attempt to reverse engineer, decompile, or otherwise attempt to discover the source code or underlying components (e.g., algorithms, weights, or systems) of the Mistral AI Products, including using the Outpu...
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"engage in any of the foregoing in connection with any use, creation, development, modification, prompting, fine-tuning, training, testing, benchmarking or validation of any artificial intelligence or machine learning tool, model, system, algorithm, product or other technology ("AI Tool").— Excerpt from Hulu's Hulu Terms of Use
REGULATORY LANDSCAPE: The provision operates in a rapidly evolving legal landscape surrounding AI training data and copyright. The agreement frames the AI prohibition as a contractual restriction layered on top of existing copyright law, rather than relying solely on copyright doctrine. The U.S. Copyright Office and courts are actively developing positions on whether AI training on copyrighted content constitutes infringement; this contractual prohibition creates an independent cause of action regardless of how copyright law ultimately resolves. The FTC has also examined AI-related practices in consumer-facing contexts. GOVERNANCE EXPOSURE: Medium. For ordinary consumer subscribers, practical enforcement risk is low. For institutional or developer accounts, the provision creates meaningful legal exposure if content is incorporated into AI development workflows. The breadth of the prohibition, covering benchmarking and validation in addition to training, is notably expansive. JURISDICTION FLAGS: The provision applies globally to the extent of the agreement's territorial scope. EU and UK copyright exceptions for text and data mining (including for AI research) may create tension with this contractual prohibition for users in those jurisdictions, though the agreement is primarily US-focused. US fair use doctrine may also interact with this provision, and its contractual enforceability as against fair use rights is legally uncertain. CONTRACT AND VENDOR IMPLICATIONS: Enterprises, research institutions, or technology companies with Disney, ESPN, or Hulu subscriptions should assess whether any AI development activities could implicate this clause. The prohibition covers not only training but also prompting, fine-tuning, testing, and benchmarking, creating a broad contractual perimeter that could affect a wide range of AI research workflows. COMPLIANCE CONSIDERATIONS: Technology companies and research institutions should conduct a use-case review of any internal AI projects involving media content to assess exposure under this provision. Legal teams should consider whether fair use or other copyright doctrines provide any defense if a contractual breach claim is asserted, and whether existing vendor agreements with Hulu or Disney entities need to be reviewed in light of this restriction.
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This provision explicitly extends existing content use restrictions to AI applications, creating a contractual basis for claims against any subscriber who uses streamed or downloaded content in AI development workflows.
This provision prohibits subscribers from using any content accessed through the services as input for, or in connection with, AI tools or model development. While most everyday consumers are unlikely to be affected, developers, researchers, or technically sophisticated users who might otherwise use clips or content in AI projects are specifically prohibited from doing so under this agreement.
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