You give up your right to join with other Paramount+ users in a class action lawsuit, meaning any legal claim must be pursued individually, not as part of a group.
This analysis describes what Paramount+'s agreement states, permits, or reserves. It does not constitute a legal determination about enforceability. Regulatory applicability and practical outcomes may vary by jurisdiction, enforcement context, and individual circumstances. Read our methodology
This clause structures dispute resolution to occur outside the court system on an individual basis, which affects how claims are processed and the procedural mechanisms available to each party. The waiver of class action participation means disputes cannot be aggregated with other users' claims in a single proceeding.
Interpretive note: Enforceability may be limited in certain jurisdictions, particularly California, and is likely unenforceable for EU users under applicable consumer law directives.
This clause means that even if many Paramount+ subscribers are harmed in the same way, such as by an improper billing practice, each person must pursue their claim individually rather than collectively, which often makes small-dollar claims economically impractical to pursue.
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"YOU AND PARAMOUNT EACH WAIVE THE RIGHT TO A TRIAL BY JURY AND THE RIGHT TO LITIGATE DISPUTES IN COURT. YOU AND PARAMOUNT ALSO EACH AGREE THAT EACH MAY BRING CLAIMS AGAINST THE OTHER ONLY IN YOUR OR ITS INDIVIDUAL CAPACITY AND NOT AS A PLAINTIFF OR CLASS MEMBER IN ANY PURPORTED CLASS, CONSOLIDATED, OR REPRESENTATIVE ACTION.— Excerpt from Paramount+'s Paramount+ Terms of Use
(1) REGULATORY LANDSCAPE: The class action waiver interacts with Rule 23 of the Federal Rules of Civil Procedure and is enforced under the Federal Arbitration Act at the federal level. The Supreme Court has upheld class action waivers in arbitration agreements in consumer contexts. State-level courts, particularly in California, have periodically applied the unconscionability doctrine to limit such waivers. (2) GOVERNANCE EXPOSURE: High. The combination of mandatory arbitration and class action waiver is among the most significant rights-limiting provisions in consumer agreements. While common in the streaming industry, it remains a focal point for consumer advocacy and regulatory attention. (3) JURISDICTION FLAGS: California presents the highest risk of challenge. EU consumer law generally prohibits waiver of collective redress rights, so this provision may be unenforceable for EU-based users under applicable directives. Illinois and New York have also produced consumer-protective precedent in this area. (4) CONTRACT AND VENDOR IMPLICATIONS: The class action waiver applies to the consumer relationship and is unlikely to be replicated in commercial partner agreements. Procurement teams engaging Paramount+ for enterprise licensing should confirm that separate dispute resolution terms govern their relationship. (5) COMPLIANCE CONSIDERATIONS: Legal teams should monitor legislative developments in key states that are moving to restrict or prohibit class action waivers in consumer contracts. Any regulatory guidance from the FTC or state AGs addressing class action waivers in streaming services should trigger a review of this provision.
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Coinbase's User Agreement includes a mandatory arbitration clause that most users may not have reviewed. Here is what the clause states and how the opt-out process works.
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This clause structures dispute resolution to occur outside the court system on an individual basis, which affects how claims are processed and the procedural mechanisms available to each party. The waiver of class action participation means disputes cannot be aggregated with other users' claims in a single proceeding.
This clause means that even if many Paramount+ subscribers are harmed in the same way, such as by an improper billing practice, each person must pursue their claim individually rather than collectively, which often makes small-dollar claims economically impractical to pursue.
ConductAtlas has identified this type of provision across 74 platforms. See the full comparison.
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