OpenAI · GPT-4o System Card (PDF)

Emotional Over-Reliance and Anthropomorphization Risk

High severity
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What it is

OpenAI is concerned that GPT-4o's conversational and emotional expressiveness could cause some users — particularly vulnerable people — to form unhealthy emotional attachments to the AI.

Consumer impact (what this means for users)

If you use GPT-4o as a companion or emotional support tool, OpenAI itself warns this may not be in your long-term interest — the model's expressive voice and persona can encourage emotional dependency that the company has not yet fully mitigated.

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Why it matters (compliance & risk perspective)

An AI company publicly acknowledging that its product may be harmful to users' emotional wellbeing and long-term interests is an unusual and significant consumer safety disclosure, particularly where vulnerable populations including those with mental health conditions may be disproportionately affected.

View original clause language
GPT-4o can be expressive and engaging in ways that could foster excessive engagement or emotional reliance beyond what is in their long-term interest... We are worried about the potential for users to become excessively emotionally reliant on GPT-4o, whether through interacting with it as a substitute for human connection or in other ways that might not be in the long-term interest of the user.

Institutional analysis (Compliance & legal intelligence)

(1) REGULATORY FRAMEWORK: This provision implicates FTC Act Section 5 (unfair practices that cause substantial consumer injury not outweighed by countervailing benefits), the EU AI Act Article 5(1)(b) (prohibition on AI that exploits vulnerabilities to distort behavior in a manner that causes harm), and potentially FDA jurisdiction if the product is used in mental health or therapeutic contexts. The FTC and EU AI Office are primary enforcement authorities. (2)

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Applicable agencies

  • FTC
    FTC Section 5 authority covers unfair practices that cause substantial consumer injury, including AI systems that may exploit emotional vulnerabilities.
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Provision details

Document information
Document
GPT-4o System Card (PDF)
Entity
OpenAI
Document last updated
March 5, 2026
Tracking information
First tracked
March 10, 2026
Last verified
April 27, 2026
Record ID
CA-P-003143
Document ID
CA-D-00008
Evidence Provenance
Source URL
Wayback Machine
SHA-256
7c23ef53467eea199596abe78511d57ffee1e94b50ef10ac0f7d81df278b5059
Verified
✓ Snapshot stored   ✓ Change verified
How to Cite
ConductAtlas Policy Archive
Entity: OpenAI | Document: GPT-4o System Card (PDF) | Record: CA-P-003143
Captured: 2026-03-10 03:40:55 UTC | SHA-256: 7c23ef53467eea19…
URL: https://conductatlas.com/platform/openai/gpt-4o-system-card-pdf/emotional-over-reliance-and-anthropomorphization-risk/
Accessed: May 2, 2026
Classification
Severity
High
Categories

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